It has also been suggested to be active during the planning of movements, initiating movement and understanding another’s movement.īroca’s area may also contain mirror neurons as this area appears to be involved in observing people and imitating them (Amunts & Hari, 2005). This region is also associated with listening as being able to understand words requires articulating them in your head. This research is large support for the view that the role of language function is localized to the left hemisphere of the brain.īroca’s area has been found to be associated with multiple language functions including language comprehension and being able to articulate words. Broca’s area is believed to be located in part of the inferior frontal gyrus in the frontal lobe, on the left side of the majority of people. It was concluded that the damage to this region, then given the name ‘Broca’s area’ was the reason for Tan’s language problems. Broca found that other patients with similar problems to Tan had damage to the same region. When ‘Tan’ died, a post-mortem of his brain revealed that there was damage to a part of his left frontal cortex. Often this patient would repeat the word twice, saying ‘Tan Tan’. In 1861, Broca met a patient who he would refer to as ‘Tan’.Īt the time, there was a lot of debate as to whether there was localization of function within the brain or if the whole brain was utilized in the performance of every function.īroca described the patient ‘Tan’ who was named this due to this being the only word they could say. Paul Broca was a French physician and was one of the earlier advocators for the ideas of lateralization of brain function. What we do know is that the left hemisphere controls the right half of the body,Īnd the right hemisphere controls the left half of the body. Beyond that, however, the differences that have beenįound have been minor. Mainly regarding differences in language ability. There is evidence of some specialization of function Hemispheric lateralization is the idea that both hemispheres are functionally different and that certain mental processes andīehaviors are mainly controlled by one hemisphere rather than the other. Likewise, damage to the right occipital lobe (responsible for vision) can result in loss of sight in the left field of vision. These cortices are all contralateral, meaning that each hemisphere controls the opposite side of the body.įor example, the motor cortex in the left hemisphere controls the muscle movements of the right arm and leg. The brain contains cortices such as the visual, motor, and somatosensory cortices. These left and right functions are the case in the majority of people, especially those who are right-handed. The right hemisphere is associated with more visuospatial functions such as visualization, depth perception, and spatial navigation. The left hemisphere is associated with language functions, such as formulating grammar and vocabulary, and containing different language centres (Broca’s and Wernicke’s area). Each of these functions are localized to either the right or left side. Hemispheric lateralization is the idea that each hemisphere is responsible for different functions.
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